Macaws of the genus Ara are large American parrots, very colorful and with long tails. They live in forests and open areas of Central and South America. They are part of the Psittacidae family and are known for their intelligence, loud vocalizations, and for forming long-lasting pairs.

General characteristics

Macaws share a curved, very powerful beak, zygodactyl feet (two toes facing forward and two facing backward), and bright plumage that varies by species (red, green, blue, and yellow). Their size ranges from relatively small macaws (~55 cm) to large ones (~90+ cm), and their weight ranges from ~425 g to ~1.8 kg. Sexual dimorphism is minimal to the naked eye; males and females usually look the same.

Feeding

They feed mainly on fruits, seeds, nuts, and occasionally flowers or leaves.

Distribution

The species requested live in different parts of Central and South America: from rainforests and riparian forests to dry forests and floodplains. Some are widespread, while others occupy very restricted areas.

Behaviour

They live in large social groups with stable pairs. They are very vocal, emitting loud calls to communicate over long distances. They show strong pair bonds and cooperative behavior in defending their nests. They form foraging parties with the rest of the group.

Reproduction

They nest in cavities in large trees or on rocky cliffs (depending on the species). They usually lay 2 to 3 eggs, and incubation lasts around 24–30 days, with both parents participating in raising the young. The chicks remain with the adults for several months until they are independent.

Did you know?

The beak of a macaw is strong enough to crack extremely hard nuts; it also helps them climb.

Several species have given their names to flagship conservation projects due to their high risk status in the wild (e.g., the blue-throated macaw and the red-fronted macaw).

Macaws are monogamous for life: once they choose a mate, they stay together forever. They help each other preen, search for food, and care for their young.

Threats

The main threats are habitat loss and fragmentation, capture for the pet trade, and competition for nesting cavities. In some regions, hunting and land use change for agriculture and livestock farming are additional threats. These pressures particularly affect species with small ranges.

Conservation status